Assignment on Amlodipine free essay sample

Amlodipine (Norvasc (Pfizer) and generics) (as besylate, mesylate or maleate) is a long-acting calcium channel blocker (dihydropyridine (DHP) class) utilized as an enemy of hypertensive and in the treatment of angina. Like other calcium channel blockers, amlodipine acts by loosening up the smooth muscle in the blood vessel divider, diminishing complete fringe opposition and subsequently lessening pulse; in angina it builds blood stream to the heart muscle (in spite of the fact that DHP-class calcium channel blockers are more particular for corridors than myocardium, as the cardiovascular calcium channels are not of the dihydropyridine-type). Orderly (IUPAC) name (RS)- 3-ethyl 5-methyl 2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)- 6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate. Stereoisomerism Amlodipine is a chiral calcium foe, presently available and in restorative use as a racemate [1:1 blend of (R)- (+)- and (S)- (â€)- amlodipine]] A technique for the semi-preparative chromatographic decontamination of the enantiomers (S)- (â€)- amlodipine and (R)- (+)- amlodipine has been accounted for. Enantiomer of amlodipine DESCRIPTION NORVASC ® is the besylate salt of amlodipine, a long-acting calcium channel blocker. We will compose a custom article test on Task on Amlodipine or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Amlodipine besylate is artificially depicted as 3-Ethyl-5-methyl ( ±)- 2-[(2-aminoethoxy)methyl]-4-(2-chlorophenyl)- 1,4-dihydro-6-methyl-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate, monobenzenesulphonate. Its observational recipe is C 20 H 25 CIN 2 O 5 †¢C 6 H 6 O 3 S, and its auxiliary equation is: Amlodipine besylate is a white crystalline powder with a sub-atomic load of 567. 1. It is marginally dissolvable in water and sparingly solvent in ethanol. NORVASC (amlodipine besylate) tablets are defined as white tablets equal to 2. 5, 5 and 10 mg of amlodipine for oral organization. In clinical examinations, most patients with coronary supply route infection required 10 mg. Regular Adult Amlodipine Dose for Coronary Artery Disease: Chronic stable or vasospastic angina, or angiographically recorded coronary corridor illness in patients without cardiovascular breakdown or a discharge part under 40%: 5 to 10 mg orally once every day Most patients with incessant stable or vasospastic angina require 10 mg for satisfactory impact. In clinical investigations, most patients with coronary course sickness required 10 mg. Normal Geriatric Amlodipine Dose for Hypertension: Initial portion: 2. 5 mg orally once per day Maintenance portion: 2. 5 to 10 mg orally once every day Normal Geriatric Dose for Angina Pectoris: Chronic stable or vasospastic angina: 5 to 10 mg orally once per day The lower portion is suggested in the old; be that as it may, most patients require 10 mg for sufficient impact. Normal Pediatric Dose for Hypertension: 6 to 17 years: 2. 5 mg to 5 mg orally once a day Doses more than 5 mg day by day have not been concentrated in pediatric patients. Significant data about amlodipine Before taking amlodipine, tell your primary care physician in the event that you have congestive cardiovascular breakdown or liver ailment. Drinking liquor can additionally bring down your pulse and may expand certain symptoms of amlodipine. In the event that you are being treated for hypertension, continue utilizing amlodipine regardless of whether you feel well. Hypertension frequently has no manifestations. You may need to utilize circulatory strain drug for an amazing remainder. Amlodipine is just piece of a total program of treatment that may likewise incorporate eating routine, work out, weight control, and different drugs. Follow your eating routine, medicine, and exercise schedules intently. Inform your primary care physician concerning all other heart or pulse drugs you are taking. Your chest torment may turn out to be more terrible when you first beginning taking amlodipine or when your portion is expanded. Call your primary care physician if your chest torment is serious or progressing. Before taking amlodipine You ought not take this drug on the off chance that you are adversely affected by amlodipine. To ensure you can securely take amlodipine, tell your primary care physician in the event that you have any of these different conditions: * a heart valve issue called aortic stenosis; * congestive cardiovascular breakdown; or * liver infection. On the off chance that you are likewise taking a beta-blocker medicate, (for example, Betapace, Blocadren, Corgard, Coreg, Inderal, InnoPran, Lopressor, Normodyne, Tenoretic, Tenormin, Toprol, Trandate, Zebeta, and others) don't out of nowhere quit utilizing the beta-blocker without first conversing with your primary care physician. You may need to utilize less and less before you stop the prescription totally. Halting a beta-blocker also rapidly can cause genuine heart issues that won't be forestalled by amlodipine. FDA pregnancy class C. It isn't known whether amlodipine will hurt an unborn infant. Tell your primary care physician on the off chance that you are pregnant or plan to get pregnant while utilizing this prescription. It isn't known whether amlodipine goes into bosom milk or in the event that it could hurt a nursing child. You ought not bosom feed while you are taking amlodipine. Amlodipine reactions Get crisis clinical assistance on the off chance that you have any of these indications of an unfavorably susceptible response to amlodipine: hives; trouble breathing; growing of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your PCP on the double on the off chance that you have a genuine symptom, for example, * feeling like you may drop; * growing in your grasp, lower legs, or feet; * beating pulses or shuddering in your chest; or * chest agony or substantial inclination, torment spreading to the arm or shoulder, sickness, perspiring, general sick inclination. Less genuine amlodipine symptoms may include: * migraine;

Genetic Ownership :: Genes Science DNA Essays

Hereditary Ownership In the previous century, headways in science and innovation have permitted man to additionally examine his cause. Science has exhibited every single living thing are comprised of cells and cells contain hereditary material. Researchers before long will have the option to take hereditary material from one gathering and make their qualities in another. In doing as such, people, researchers, and society will be confronted with new difficulties concerning the proprietorship privileges of hereditary material. The accompanying will inspect moral issues of hereditary possession by taking a gander at present and future utilizations of innovation and the moral difficulties they incite. In 1978 the study of generation detonated into open cognizance with the introduction of Louise Brown, the principal child conceived as a result of In Vitro Fertilization (IVF). Today utilizing IVF, a couple with richness issues can give their own hereditary material as sperm and eggs to a center, join them to make undeveloped organisms, and addition the incipient organisms into a mother’s belly. Society acknowledges a people option to give their own hereditary material to an IVF facility and make youngsters. Today IVF is a multibillion-dollar, universal business giving solid kids to caring guardians. In 1997 another blast of open cognizance happened when the Roslin Institute declared they had effectively cloned a sheep named Dolly. Dolly was not the result of sperm and eggs, rather she was a definite clone of her contributor parent. The incipient organism of Dolly was made from hereditary material of a giver parent and embedded into a substitute mother. Dolly and her contributor parent right now live as the property of the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, UK. As proprietor of sheep, Roslin had the option to gather hereditary material, perform inquire about, and in the long run produce a cloned creature. Today this privilege of proprietorship is right now acknowledged by society. Later on, people may reserve the option to utilize their hereditary material to replicate imperative organs to be utilized as transplants for ailing, twisted, or harmed body parts. This procedure is called helpful cloning. Science has exhibited every single living thing are comprised of cells and all cells contain hereditary material. At the center of all hereditary material is an essential part of life, DNA. Basically, DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) trains cells how to isolate and develop into the living things we see each day. Each human has one of a kind DNA. No two people DNA is actually indistinguishable except for indistinguishable twins.

The Relationship Between PTSD and Psychosis

The Relationship Between PTSD and Psychosis PTSD Related Conditions Print The Relationship Between PTSD and Psychosis By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by a board-certified physician Updated on August 15, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Frank van Groen / LOOK-foto / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Types of Psychotic Symptoms Mental Health Disorders With Psychosis Schizophrenia and PTSD Psychotic Symptoms in PTSD What This Means Treatment Is Critical View All Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations, often occur together. In clinical terms, PTSD is described as consisting of four clusters of symptoms: re-experiencing symptoms, avoidance symptoms, negative changes in mood and brain function, and hyperarousal symptoms.?? However, some mental health professionals believe that the experience of psychotic symptoms should be considered as an addition to that list, given that they commonly occur among people with PTSD. Types of Psychotic Symptoms Psychotic symptoms can be divided into two groups: positive symptoms and negative symptoms. This doesnt mean that some psychotic symptoms are good and some are bad. Rather, positive symptoms refer to an experience, such as hallucinations, whereas negative symptoms refer to the lack of an experience. Positive Psychotic Symptoms Positive psychotic symptoms are characterized by the presence of unusual feelings, thoughts, or behaviors.?? This includes experiences such as hallucinations or delusions. Hallucinations refer to sensations of something that isnt really there. An auditory hallucination is an experience of hearing voices that arent there. A visual hallucination would involve seeing something that isnt real. Tactile hallucinations occur when you feel something that isnt there. Olfactory and gustatory hallucinations involve the experience of smelling or tasting something that isnt present.Delusions are ideas that you believe are true despite the fact that they may be unlikely or odd. For example, you might believe that the CIA is spying on you or that aliens are controlling your behaviors or thoughts.Disorganized behaviors are also very common with psychosis. You may, for example, make up words, speak in unintelligible ways, or stand in an odd pose. Positive Psychotic Symptoms Negative Psychotic Symptoms Negative psychotic symptoms are characterized by the absence of experience. For example, if you have negative symptoms, you may not be emotionally expressive. You may have difficulty speaking, may not say anything for days on end (called alogia) or be unable to accomplish simple tasks or activities, such as getting dressed in the morning.?? You may appear very unmotivated and withdrawn. Mental health professionals often refer to this lack of emotional expression as a person having a flat affect. Negative Psychotic Symptoms Flashbacks and Dissociation Flashbacks and dissociation occur commonly with PTSD, and though they are not psychotic symptoms, they share some features with psychosis, including: In a flashback, you may temporarily lose connection with your present situation, being transported back in time to a traumatic event in your memory. In a severe flashback, you may see, hear, or smell things that other people dont, consistent with a hallucination. Flashbacks often occur during periods of high stress and can be very frightening to the person experiencing them.Dissociation is an experience in which you feel disconnected from your body.?? You may not have any memory of whats happening in your environment for a period of time. The experience is similar to a daydream, but unlike a normal daydream, its very disruptive to your life. Flashbacks and Dissociation in PTSD Mental Health Disorders That Include Psychotic Symptoms These positive and negative psychotic symptoms may be seen with a number of different mental health disorders, including: PTSDBipolar disorderSchizophreniaMajor depressive disease with psychotic featuresSchizoaffective disorderSchizophreniform disorderDelusional disorder The distinction between these conditions is sometimes difficult, as there can be considerable overlap between different symptoms and conditions. Schizophrenia and PTSD Considering that schizophrenia is one of the most common psychiatric diagnoses, its not surprising that some people may have both schizophrenia and PTSD. PTSD most commonly occurs after a traumatic experience, and it has been found that traumatic experiences are more common for those with schizophrenia than for the general population. A recent study, in addition, found that there is significant genetic overlap between schizophrenia and PTSD.?? Treatment for both disorders is critical, yet some physicians are reluctant to use some of the normal approaches. For example, using exposure therapy for PTSD might not be the best choice when a person also has schizophrenia, since exposure therapy may worsen the symptoms of schizophrenia. That said, studies have found that well-thought-out treatment can reduce the symptoms of PTSD. For those who have this combination of conditions, its important to find a mental health provider who is familiar with the treatment of both conditions. Psychotic Symptoms in PTSD Researchers at the University of Manitoba, Columbia University, and the University of Regina examined the data on 5,877 people from across the United States in order to determine the rates with which people with PTSD experience different psychotic symptoms. They found that among people with PTSD, the experience of positive psychotic symptoms was most common.?? Approximately 52 percent of people who reported having PTSD at some point in their lifetime also reported experiencing a positive psychotic symptom. Most Common Psychotic Symptoms in PTSD The most common positive symptoms in the study above were:Believing that other people were spying on or following them (27.5 percent)Seeing something that others couldnt see (19.8 percent)Having unusual feelings inside or outside of their bodies, such as feeling as though they were being touched when no one was really there (16.8 percent)Believing that they could hear what someone else was thinking (12.4 percent)Being bothered by strange smells that no one else could smell (10.3 percent)Believing that their behaviors and thoughts were being controlled by some power or force (10 percent) Not surprisingly, it appears that the more PTSD symptoms youre experiencing, the greater the likelihood that you will also experience positive psychotic symptoms. Researchers have also looked at which  traumatic events are most commonly related to the experience of psychotic symptoms. The events that put people most at risk include being involved in a  natural disaster, seeing someone  injured or killed, or experiencing shock as a result of a traumatic event that happened to a loved one. What This Means The experience of psychotic symptoms may tell the story of just how severe a persons case of PTSD is and how well he or she is coping with the condition. It may also raise red flags about the likelihood of potentially dangerous behaviors. It has been suggested that the experience of psychotic symptoms in those with PTSD may be connected to the experience of dissociation described above. Frequent dissociation may increase the risk for the development of psychotic symptoms.?? Studies have shown that people with PTSD who experience psychotic symptoms, as compared to those with PTSD who do not, may be at greater risk for a number of problems, including  suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts,  and greater overall distress. Its important for everyone with PTSD and their loved ones to know the risk factors and warning signs of suicide. Treatment Is Critical If you or a loved one who had PTSD is experiencing psychotic symptoms, its very important to seek out treatment. Positive psychotic symptoms can usually be effectively managed through medication.  Addressing PTSD symptoms in treatment may also result in a reduction of psychotic symptoms.

The Success Of Henry Ford - 1451 Words

â€Å"Coming together is a beginning; keeping together is progress; working together is success.† -Henry Ford. This quote was one of the key ideas that led him to success. Henry Ford went from working on his family s farm to mass manufacturing cars. Early on Henry Ford realized his goal in life, he has countless achievements, and has a forever lasting legacy. To begin, Ford had an interesting childhood. On July 30, 1863, on the Ford family farm, an innovator was born. He got his education in a one room schoolhouse, there he showed early signs of mechanical engineering. In the schoolhouse, he learned how to read, write, spell, and simple arithmetics. However, outside of school, he taught himself to take apart and put together again every†¦show more content†¦He was part of two car companies before the Ford Motor Company. He left both companies, even his own Henry Ford Company, because he was always micromanaged. A great quote from Henry Ford to prove this is â€Å"qua lity means doing it right when no one is looking† This explains that he needed to focus more on innovating the car, and less on pleasing other people during this process. All of these values and traits helped Ford up the path to success. Furthermore, Henry Ford had a lot of achievements and failures while on his way to success. He participated in numerous affairs including: racing cars, creating companies, and innovating cars. While at the Edison Illuminating Company, Ford had a nice home for his family which included a shed. In his shed, he created his first car called the quadricycle. It was simply two bikes with an engine and it could go 60 miles without breaking down. However Henry had a new dream, to make and drive race cars. He wanted to focus on this so he sold the quadricycle and he quit his job. Some time later, he finally entered a race, but as a rookie nobody took him seriously. To everyone’s surprise, Ford came in first place and won a thousand dollars. Thi s victory brought him new investors. Thus Ford created the Henry Ford Company. This company was a huge risk for the investors so, they had inspectors that constantly wanted to know what Ford was up to. Naturally, he hated this kind of poking and heShow MoreRelated Henry Ford Essay1744 Words   |  7 PagesHenry Ford Henry Ford was one of the most brilliant entrepreneurs in creating the automobile assembly line, it was his controversial characteristics and unorthodox approach towards administrating the Ford Motor Company which resulted in the conglomeration of one of the most successful corporations in the world. At the turn of the century everything was booming! The growth of the economy and stock market increased the job opportunities as well as morals. As a result of this industrial revolutionRead MoreBiography of Henry Food757 Words   |  3 PagesHenry Ford is the man who forever changed American automobiles. Henry Ford converted the automobile from a luxury toy to a mainstream item of American society. During the beginning of the 20th century, the automobile was considered a luxury for the wealthy but Ford was determined to create an affordable and reliable car that a majority of Americans could invest in. This model that Henry Ford created was called the Model T, and it is one of the main reasons why Henry Ford is remembered as an extremelyRead MoreHenry Ford And The American Civil War1194 Words   |  5 PagesHenry Ford had only a modest education. He didn’t invent the gasoline engine; he didn’t invent the auto mobile; he didn’t really invent anything. Yet, when he died in 1947, Ford, and the company he founded had a profound effect on the world he taught to drive. Given all that he had accomplished, it’s hard to believe Henry Ford was almost 40 when he established the Ford Motor Company. At the time America was more agricultural than industrial. Horse-less carriages were toys for a wealthy few. ButRead MoreA Biography Of Henry Ford1138 Words   |  5 PagesBiography of Henry Ford Henry Ford was an American industrialist, best known for his pioneering achievements in the automobile industry. From humble beginnings he was able to create a company that would rank as one of the giants of American and World industry long after his death. There is no doubt that Henry Ford was a successful business man. The Ford Motor Company, Henry Ford s legacy, has left its mark on every continent in the world. However, Ford didn t gain his success solely on hisRead MoreThe Work Of Henry Ford Made A Lasting Impact On America Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagespeople looked for ways to travel more efficiently. The work of Henry Ford made a lasting impact on America in regards to both transportation and manufacturing. Henry Ford was much like other children growing up. Ford was born on July 30, 1863 in Dearborn, Michigan. He was raised on a farm and others could tell he would be extremely successful in his future. In order to learn more about the engines and be more successful, Henry Ford built friendships with the men who ran the full-sized steam enginesRead MoreHenry Ford and the Model T Ford789 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Model T ford by Henry Ford. Hitting it off with the entire nation, The Model T Ford was a smashing success. People would say that when the farm was under Henrys control. They would not see any tools. Henry ran his farm the way of the â€Å"future†. Henry ran a very efficient farm however this was not what he wanted to do with life. As we already know Henry wanted to create the first car. Ford was raised on a small farm ran by his father outside of Detroit (Mitchell,1). As a child Henry was very interestedRead MoreThe Flivver King: Henry Ford1571 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The Flivver King: A Story of Ford America In the early 1900’s Henry Ford developed the idea of â€Å"a wagon that will run without a horse†.1 This idea and Ford’s success changed America and its people forever. The development of the automobile played a tremendous role in the economy, labor unions and society. Generally, when most people think of Henry Ford they reflect upon his wealth and contributions to the transportation industry as an infinitely positive phenomenon. It is thought that asideRead MoreEssay on Henry Ford1366 Words   |  6 Pagestruly something special. Once a far fetched dream is now what many people believe to be the back bone of the American economy. When people think about the automobile the name that comes to mind is most usually Henry Ford. Although he is not credited with the invention of the automobile, Henry Ford played a crucial role in the development of mass production. The automobile was first invented Europe in 1771 with a top speed of 2.3 miles per hour. A man by th e name of Gottliech Daimler produced what wasRead MoreThe Ford Motor Company s Star Child Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1903, Henry Ford did not know he was about to revolutionize the automobile world when he opened the Ford Motor Company in the suburb of Dearborn Michigan. After opening Ford Motor Company, Henry Ford saw several ways to improve the auto industry through a series of inventions and visions. In 1903 cars were a luxury item, and only the rich and well-off were able to afford them. Henry Ford had a different vision, he saw the potential that the automobile market held, if, he could create an automobileRead MoreHenry Ford : The World s Most Influential Leader1659 Words   |  7 Pagesplethora of leaders, Henry Ford was by far one of the most influential. Mr. Ford played a major role in the history of America from boycotting the great war to enhancing the assembly line, and modern transportation technology. Henry Ford was the world’s most influential leader. From founding one of the worlds most successful car companies, to having a major influence on WWI, he has profoundly shaped the 20th century and left an impact on every single one of our lives. Although Mr. Ford is considered

Presume vs. Assume Choosing the Correct Word

Among their other definitions, presume and assume both mean to suppose. However, the two terms suggest different levels of confidence, so they arent interchangeable. Heres how to use these words correctly. How to Use Presume Presume means to suppose, to take for granted, or to take something on (such as a dare or an attitude). The word stems from a Latin verb meaning to take upon oneself, to take liberty, or to take for granted. When presume is used to mean â€Å"to suppose,† the implication is that the supposition is believed to be true based upon proof of evidence or probability. While it does not imply that the supposition is necessarily correct, it does suggest that the speaker (the person doing the presuming) has based their view on available proof. One interesting usage of presume is the familiar legal phrase â€Å"presumed innocent until proven guilty.† Even though there is no evidence of an individuals innocence, the court system intentionally presumes their innocence at the beginning of a trial. In other words, the trial begins with the confidently-held belief that the defendant is innocent. Consequently, the burden of proof falls on the prosecution to demonstrate the defendants guilt. How to Use Assume Assume means to suppose, to take for granted, or to take something on (such as a role). This definition overlaps significantly with that of presume, but there are some meaningful distinctions. When assume is used to mean to take something on, it refers to taking on a new responsibility, a task, or a role. For instance, you might assume a false identity, or assume the position of club secretary. When assume is used to mean â€Å"to suppose,† the implication is that the speaker does not have reason or evidence to back up their assumption. Examples Peter sent his friend a letter three weeks ago, but still hasnt received a response. He assumed that the letter got lost in the mail. Peter has no evidence to back up his belief that the letter was lost in the mail; thus, he is making an assumption. Sally heard a knock on the door. I presume thats Mr. Jones, she said. I invited him over for dinner this evening. Sally is confident in her statement. She invited Mr. Jones over for dinner, so she has solid evidence that he is the person knocking on her door. Sarah is a vegan, so I presume she wont want any of this cheese pizza. In this sentence, the speaker is using evidence to make an educated guess that Sarah will not want pizza based on previous knowledge of her diet, Abraham Lincoln assumed the position of president on March 4, 1861. Here, assume is used to indicate that the subject of the sentence is taking on a new role. How to Remember the Difference   Struggling to remember when to use each word? Keep in mind that presume and proof start with the same two letters. To presume something is to suppose that it is true based on proof (or the belief that there is proof), whereas assumptions are not based upon any evidence or proof.

Role Play Exercise Free Essays

Scenarios – Assume that Asian is a new hired outdoor sales executive for company Lennox Design which provide one stop solution for T-shirt and Uniforms supply. We get an Introduction from our existing customer who name Ms Eng that her friend Ms Learn factory have a sports day event by next two month. Now Asian had appointment with the purchases In-charge person Ms Elm, try to approach her to purchases our product to her event uniform. We will write a custom essay sample on Role Play Exercise or any similar topic only for you Order Now Asian:† Hi Ms Limit, I am Asian from Lennox Design, nice to meet you (Handing business card and a company prepared free gift t-shirt to Ms Limit), You friend Ms Eng introducing me that you are interested to order t-shirt for your company sports day event by the next two month. † Ms Limit:† Hello Mr. Asian, nice to meet you too (opening the t-shirt plastic) Woo, nice design for this t-shirt, it is free to me? Asian:† Yup, this t- shirt special deserve to you for free and this t-shirt is design from my company, you may see the quality for our product too. † Ms Limit:† Thanks you, I like it very much. Well, we haven’t made decision for the t-shirt use at the day of events, but we had no much Idea for choosing the new t-shirt, any suggestion Mr.. Asian? † Asian:† Yes, May I now how many pieces t-shirt and the budget for per pieces t-shirt you wish to order in this activity? Ms Elm:† Meme†¦ Elf consider the previous events experience, we need around 500-600 pieces red color plain t-shirt with my company logo and my company have enhance the budget for this events to have a better benefit to our staff, we were set the T-shirt budget in ARMY per pieces. Asian, you are welcome. Here is the deposit ROOM ( pass the money to Asian ), and can I know when can get my t-shirt? † Asian:† Well, normally after confirm the artwork, mass production will take reworking days to process the order. Please do not hesitate to call me if Ms Limit have question for the t-shirt and souvenir, we are the company which specialist in supply souvenir and t-shirt, I wish that you company can give me more chance to serve you in the future. † Ms Limit:† Mr.. Asian, you are modest and see you. (shake hand with Asian) Asian:† See you Ms Limit, Bye. â€Å" How to cite Role Play Exercise, Papers

Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a true American Essay Example For Students

Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a true American Essay classic. Twain weaves a tremendous story about a boy, Huck, and a slave, Jim, who together overcome obstacles, and eventully reach their goals. Huck is boy who was made for the frointer, where he grows up. He is verypractical, and has superb common sense, allowing him to think situations through, and decide on the best path to choose. Yet Hucks best quality is his deep caring for other human beings, and this is what makes him such a classic american character. Huck will stop at nothing to help other people, as shown in his aiding the king and the duke from escaping the posse, who wanted to kill them, and of his bringing Jim from slavery. Huck helps so many others despite leading a dreadful home life. Huck is forced to fake his own death, and run off from Jim, in order to escape his drunk and disorderly father. Jim is the other major character of this novel. He is a slave who is befriended by Huck, and with Hucks help, he escapes slavery. Huck shows his givingness to others in his aid ing Jim, and together they become inseperable friends, and show that despite drastic differences amongst people, everyone is human, and deserves to be treated equal.

Era of Good Feelings Essay Example

Era of Good Feelings Essay A positive effect of the War of 1812 was that it sparked nationalism among the Americans. Although they were very unrecognized and split during the war, the result of this war causes them to unite and become proud to be Americans. First, there was a major incline in American literature and a decline in British literature. Most famously, Washington Irvin and James Cooper were among Americas first writers, and used American themes and scenes in their novels. Also the North American Review, a magazine, was published and sold many copies to the people. Before this war, American books were usually political such as Thomas Pains Common Sense. Secondly, this patriotism caused many men to Join the army and navy and help fight for America. This was good because now men felt like if they stood strong against British twice in war; they definitely were stronger than expected. This gave much hope to American and encouraged people to sign up as war soldiers. In 1815 Stephen Decatur won a series of battles in North Africa and made a famous toast that showed he was a proud American. Lastly, the demand for better transportation n America was huge evidence that Americans expressed nationalism for their country. They loved their country so much that they wanted to make It safer and nicer by making roads and canals. Most famously, the Erie Canal was completed In the year 1825 and made a huge step towards better transportation. This canal connected the Hudson River with the Great Lakes and allowed people and goods to move to and from destinations quickly and cheaply. All this nationalism made America Independent from Britain and It showed Britain that they were fine on their We will write a custom essay sample on Era of Good Feelings specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Era of Good Feelings specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Era of Good Feelings specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Wuthering Heights Quotes

Wuthering Heights Quotes Wuthering Heights is a famous work of Gothic fiction by Emily Bronte. The work is often been compared with Jane Eyre, which is by Emilys sister, Charlotte. Wuthering Heights is a tale of all-consuming romantic passion. Here are a few quotes from Wuthering Heights. Quotes The intense horror of nightmare came over me: I tried to draw back my arm, but the hand clung to it, and a most melancholy voice sobbed, Let me in - let me in! Who are you? I asked, struggling, meanwhile, to disengage myself. Catherine Linton, it replied, shiveringly (why did I think of LINTON? I had read EARNSHAW twenty times for Linton) - Im come home: Id lost my way on the moor! As it spoke, I discerned, obscurely, a childs face looking through the window.- Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, Ch. 3Terror made me cruel; and finding it useless to attempt shaking the creature off, I pulled its wrist on to the broken pane, and rubbed it to and fro till the blood ran down and soaked the bedclothes...- Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, Ch. 3I cannot love thee; thou rt worse than thy brother. Go, say thy prayers, child, and ask Gods pardon. I doubt thy mother and I must rue that we ever reared thee!- Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, Ch. 5Im trying to settle how I shall pay Hindley back. I do nt care how long I wait, if I can only do it at last. I hope he will not die before I do!- Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, Ch. 7 They DO live more in earnest, more in themselves, and less in surface, change, and frivolous external things. I could fancy a love for life here almost possible; and I was a fixed unbeliever in any love of a years standing.- Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, Ch. 8he had ceased to express his fondness for her in words, and recoiled with angry suspicion from her girlish caresses, as if conscious there could be no gratification in lavishing such marks of affection on him.- Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, Ch. 8Doubtless Catherine marked the difference between her friends, as one came in and the other went out. The contrast resembled what you see in exchanging a bleak, hilly, coal country for a beautiful fertile valley; and his voice and greeting were as opposite as his aspect.- Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, Ch. 8It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him: and that, not because hes handsome, Nelly, but because hes more myself than I am. Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same; and Lintons is as different as a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire.- Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, Ch. 9 If all else perished, and he remained, I should still continue to be; and if all else remained, and he were annihilated, the universe would turn to a mighty stranger: I should not seem a part of it.- Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, Ch. 9Nelly, I am Heathcliff! Hes always, always in my mind: not as a pleasure, any more than I am always a pleasure to myself, but as my own being.- Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, Ch. 9I seek no revenge on you, replied Heathcliff, less vehemently. Thats not the plan. The tyrant grinds down his slaves and they dont turn against him; they crush those beneath them. You are welcome to torture me to death for your amusement, only allow me to amuse myself a little in the same style, and refrain from insult as much as you are able. Having levelled my palace, dont erect a hovel and complacently admire your own charity in giving me that for a home. If I imagined you really wished me to marry Isabel, Id cut my throat!- Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights, Ch. 11 Well, if I cannot keep Heathcliff for my friendif Edgar will be mean and jealous, Ill try to break their hearts by breaking my own. That will be a prompt way of finishing all, when I am pushed to extremity!- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights, Ch. 11It is not in him to be loved like me: how can she love in him what he has not?- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights, Ch. 14That is how Im loved! Well, never mind. That is not my Heathcliff. I shall love mine yet; and take him with me: hes in my soul.- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights, Ch. 15Kiss me again, but dont let me see your eyes! I forgive what you have done to me. I love my murdererbut yours! How can I?- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights, Ch. 15And I pray one prayerI repeat it till my tongue stiffensCatherine Earnshaw, may you not rest as long as I am living; you said I killed youhaunt me, then! The murdered DO haunt their murderers, I believe. I know that ghosts HAVE wandered on earth. Be with me alwaystake any formdrive me mad! only DO not leave me in this abyss, where I cannot find you! Oh, God! it is unutterable! I CANNOT live without my life! I CANNOT live without my soul!- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights, Ch. 16 Ill be very kind to him, you neednt fear, he said, laughing. Only nobody else must be kind to him: Im jealous of monopolising his affection.- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights, Ch. 20Besides, hes MINE, and I want the triumph of seeing MY descendant fairly lord of their estates; my child hiring their children to till their fathers lands for wages. That is the sole consideration which can make me endure the whelp: I despise him for himself, and hate him for the memories he revives! But that consideration is sufficient: hes as safe with me, and shall be tended as carefully as your master tends his own.- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights, Ch. 20But theres this difference: one is gold put to the use of paving-stones, and the other is tin polished to ape a service of silver.- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights, Ch. 21He wanted all to lie in an ecstasy of peace; I wanted all to sparkle and dance in a glorious jubilee. I said his heaven would be only half alive; and he said mine would be d runk: I said I should fall asleep in his; and he said he could not breathe in mine...- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights, Ch. 24 Hell never let his friends be at ease, and hell never be at ease himself!- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights, Ch. 24Catherines face was just like the landscapeshadows and sunshine flitting over it in rapid succession; but the shadows rested longer, and the sunshine was more transient...- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights, Ch. 27Im glad, for I shall be master of the Grange after himand Catherine always spoke of it as her house. It isnt hers! Its mine: papa says everything she has is mine. All her nice books are mine; she offered to give me them, and pretty birds, and her pony Minny, if I would get the key of her room, and let her out; but I told her she had nothing to give, they were all, all mine.- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights,  Ch. 28You have left me so long to struggle against death, alone, that I feel and see only death! I feel like death!- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights, Ch. 30I have lost the faculty of enjoying their destruction, and I am too idle to destroy for no thing.- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights, Ch. 33 Last night, I was on the threshold of hell. To-day, I am within sight of my heaven. I have my eyes on it: hardly three feet to sever me!- Emily Bronte,  Wuthering Heights, Ch. 34

Narrative and Storytelling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Narrative and Storytelling - Essay Example they start from a certain point in time and reach a point in future, which, by the end of the movie becomes present. As long as the scenes are logically constructed, and one scene defines the purpose of another, the film is said to have a plot, whereas in movies where one scene has no connection with another in any way, or does not lay the basis for happenings in the upcoming scenes, the story lacks plot. In order for a film to have a story, there have to be characters! Without characters, there is no one for the story to revolve around. In such a case, the film merely delivers knowledge to the audience. Such films have subjects like, â€Å"what is a perfect diet?†, â€Å"how to be slim† etc. â€Å"Where the wild things are† is a short fiction film written by Maurice Sendak that portrays the fears of children and their way of conquering their fears. The film has both a story and a plot. The film starts in a little boy, Max’s real world, then portrays his i maginative world, and then reverts to the real world. The scenes flow chronologically. In the start, Max hides in a wolf’s attire and makes an unsuccessful attempt to frighten his family. His mother locks him up in a room as a punishment, from where, he escapes mentally into an imaginative world, where he travels through the jungle, and sails in a boat until he reaches a far away land where the wild things dwell.

Call it what ever you like Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Call it what ever you like - Essay Example Summary of the conclusions of the article Interpersonal communication has a direct influence on culture development. Open and clear communication between people forms the basis for good and effective public relations. The interpersonal relationships between the politicians have a major influence on the behavioral culture of the voters. The interpersonal communication between politicians serves to depress the voter turnout, through influencing the attitudes of the voters, since the controversy raised by the interpersonal communication affects the informational gains of the voters. The disagreements of the politicians make it hard for the voters to decide which party to support (Hopmann, 265). Thus, it is apparent that interpersonal communication has a direct influence on the culture of the people, based on the techniques and skills applied in the communication. Where there seems to be disagreement and ineffective interpersonal communication between the politicians, which focuses on di screditing each other’s political parties at the expense of disseminating gainful information, there is a tendency to generate a culture of voter apathy (Hopmann, 282). On the other hand, where there is effective interpersonal communication, based on disseminating the individual and party political ideologies to the people, the voter motivation and positive attitude is enhanced. The conflict arising from the controversy of words and the disagreements between the voters serves to cause the disapproval of the voters’ party of choice, which in turn influences the political behavior and political attitudes of the people. Studies have shown that citizens tend to identify with the political network that supports their ideologies and lifestyle (Hopmann, 267). However, the controversy created by the interpersonal communication between the politicians, serves to erode the information gains that such citizens would have reaped from the discussion of the parties’ ideologie s, since the controversy seeks to discredit each other’s party pledges, at the expense of informing the citizens on the ideologies that the parties stands for. The citizens then tend to avoid controversies and thus opt out of the communication tussle between the politicians. Ineffective interpersonal communication is the basis for influencing the social pressure in a negative way. The application of good interpersonal communication skills, which amounts to diverging and disseminating gainful information to the public, constitutes a positive political behavioral attitude towards party and candidates choice decision-making (Hopmann, 278). The ineffective interpersonal communication techniques serve to influence the attitudinal effect of the voter decision and their behavioral effects. Thus the fundamental conclusion of this article is that; the application of poor interpersonal communicational skills and techniques does not only serve to ruin the relationship of the two individ uals holding a conversation, but also the third parties, who may be interested, or affected by the interpersonal relationship in any way (Watzlawick, 57). This draws a parallel relationship between the interpersonal communication and the social context, where the nature of the interpersonal communication applied, and the context where it is applied, has a great influence on the impacts that such a communication is likely to make. Argument in

Theories Of Corporate Social Responsibility Management Essay

Theories Of Corporate Social Responsibility Management Essay Introduction The field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) shows to have become more important around the world. The role of business and the way it is perceived by society has gone through several changes throughout the history. Over time, until today, an increased awareness of the impact of business and its interaction with social and environmental issues have emerged. Companies are today obliged to some certain responsibilities in the society where they are active. The most basic responsibilities are laws and rules that they have to supply under. Organizations today are forced to show that their business stands for something more than just profits, and that their activities add some value, or at least do not negatively affect the community around them (Ledwidge, 2007). What is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) CSR is a concept that has many different definitions and a concept that is growing in the corporate world today. Look in most journal articles and you can find the list. But do the people really understand what exactly means by corporate social responsibility? van Marrewijk, (2003) defined CSR is regarded as the panacea which will solve the global poverty gap, social exclusion and environmental degradation. Refer to a work by Abeysuriya et al, (2007), corporate social responsibility of CAR common purpose for facilitating the move towards a socially and ecologically sustainable future through voluntary business activities. Boyd et al, (2007) defined corporate social responsibility as general sense reflects obligations to society and stakeholders within societies impacted by the firm. Beckman et al, (2009) pointed out that CSR known as the organizations status and activities with respect to its perceived community responsibility. CSR is developing in the ethics, marketing, and management fields. The ethics consists of three types of issues i.e., macro-, meso- and micro-level based. The macro- and meso- refer to stakeholder engagement and micro- is center of specific such as code of ethics. van Marrewijk, (2003) defined CSR is regarded as the panacea which will solve the global poverty gap, social exclusion and environmental degradation. Ethical challenges Robinson et al, (2006) noted that one challenge entrepreneurs face is about how to define the ethical dilemma explicitly, so as to address it within the context of the entrepreneurial purpose. The ethical issues in business has to do with making the right choices and there is often no apparent single right way and may meet optimist expectations. Entrepreneurs are therefore frequently faced with choices in business that creates tensions between their need to be ethical and their desire to optimize profits. This tension may sometimes manifest as a fundamental choice between private gain and public good, though this is perhaps to simplistic a way to view the matter Robinson et al, (2006). The author noted that any decision where moral considerations are relevant may give rise to an ethical dilemma. In general, an ethical dilemma may result from a decision that: requires a choice between rules has no rule, precedent or example to follow morally requires two or more courses of action, which are practically incompatible should be taken (in self-interest), but which appears to violate a moral principle The process of Corporate Social Responsibility Figure 1: Phases and steps within the CSR process (Extracted from ORiordan and Fairbrass, 2008) ORiordan and Fairbrass, (2008) demonstrated the potential moves (CSR processes, phases, and steps diagram) in figure 1. According to the authors, there are two distinct stages can be identified i.e. strategy development and strategy implementation of CSR. The strategy development phase includes the following factors: Values which drive the strategy; Alternatives which encompass the various range of options available to decision makers (e.g. using an analogy from chess, the pieces on the board that are available to be moved); The strategy (or action) which is the ensuing results from the decisions taken in the two earlier steps of phase 1. The implementation phase marks stage two of the CSR process. It includes the factors: Implementation and control which involve the technical aspects of implementation at a more tactical level and the crucial step of control of the entire process (i.e. the feedback loop); Finally, the output step is included based on the rationale that a results-orientated approach is beneficial to ensure an effective and efficient use of managerial resources. Theoretical foundation Refer to Clark, (2000) CSR consists of four steps process i.e., awareness or recognition of an issue, analysis and planning, response intern of policy development and implementation. The process of CSR also includes environmental assessment, stakeholder management, and issues management. Becker-Olsen et al, (2006) mentioned that CSR a link between social initiatives and improved financial performance. According Besley and Ghatak, (2007) CSR is dependable with profit-maximization in competitive markets. In equilibrium firms sell ethical brands and neutral brands, and consumers self-select according to their valuation of the public good. According to Margolis et al, (2008) the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance across eight categories of CSR and found that different initiatives have significantly different impacts on financial performance. Pies et al, (2009) documented that the ordonomic approach can be used in business ethics to foster effective leadership skills and encourage CSR. The ordonomic perspective is a valuable framework for discussing the meaning and role of ethics in effective leadership and CSR in the age of globalization. The authors explained that the ordonomic approach provides a three-tiered conceptual framework for analyzing society and social interaction (refer to figure 2). Figure 2: the three-tiered conceptual framework of the ordonomic perspective (extacted from Pies et al, 2009) This framework distinguishes between the basic games of antagonistic social cooperation, the meta-games of social rule setting, and the meta-meta games of rule-finding discourse. The authors stated that the basic game of social interaction refers as cooperation is only made possible by the existence of institutions, i.e., rules. for mutual advantage. The meta game is rule-setting processes that are geared toward creating a mutually advantageous social structure. Finally, the meta-meta game serves as a rule-finding discourse. Its discursive practices aim at critically discussing semantics and with the goal of developing shared perceptions as to the social interdependence of the players (Pies et al, 2009). Levels of Corporate Social Responsibility Carroll (1991) stated that CSR consists of four level basic responsibilities to society i.e., economic, legal, ethical and discretionary. From these four level responsibilities, Carroll uses to build his CSR model (refer to figure 3). Philantropic Responsibilities Ethical Responsibilities Legal Responsibilities Economic Responsibilities Be a good corporate citizen. Contribute resources to the community; improve quality of life Be ethical. Obligation to do what is right, just and fair. Avoid harm Be profitable. The foundation upon which all others rest Obey the law. Law is societys codification of right and wrong. Play by rules of the game Figure 3: The pyramid of corporate social responsibility (Extracted from Caroll 1991) Refer to the Carrolls model, economic responsibility is the foundation of the pyramid. The next level involves legal responsibilities, which is followed by ethical responsibilities. At the top of the pyramid is philanthropic responsibilities which is to be the highest level of corporate responsibility. Economic and Legal Responsibilities Economic responsibilities mean that the core activity of a business is to provide goods and services. The legal responsibilities refer to companies cannot only focus on the profit motive; simultaneously they are expected to act in accordance with current laws and regulations transmitted by federal, state and local communities as the ground rules under which business should operate (Carroll, 1991). Table 1: Economic and Legal components of Corporate Social Responsibility (extracted from Carroll, 1991) Economic Components (Responsibilities) Legal Components (Responsibilities) 1. Perform in a manner consistent with maximizing earnings per share. 1. Perform in a manner consistent with expectations of government and law. 2. Be committed to being as profitable as possible. 2. Comply with various federal, state and local regulations. 3. Maintain a high level of operating efficiency. 3. Be a law-enduring corporate citizen. 4. Maintain a strong competitive position. 4. It is important that a successful firm is defined as one that fulfils its obligations. 5. It is important that a successful firm is defined as one that is consistently profitable. 5. Provide goods and services that at least meet minimal legal requirements. Ethical Responsibilities Refer to Caroll, (1991) ethical responsibilities represent standards, norms and expectations that consumers, employees, shareholders and the community look upon as fair, even though they are not transferable into laws. The ethical responsibility is the voluntarily responsibility by the company to act in a manner that is fair and justice and to avoid or at least minimize the risk that the shareholders of the company is affected in any negative manner. In the latest years the ethical responsibility has created high expectations on corporate managers and social pressure forces the companies to act in a manner that is far beyond their legal responsibilities. Philanthropic Responsibilities Philanthropic responsibility is always voluntarily and could be implemented through both devote the employees time and the companys money for the best of the society and always try to strive for improving the world around them. The societal approach indicates that companies are responsible to the society as a whole, of which they can be seen as an integral part (Carroll, 1991). Table 2 Ethical and Philanthropic components of Corporate Social Responsibility (extracted from Carroll, 1991) Ethical Components (Responsibilities) Philanthropic Components (Responsibilities) 1. Perform in a manner consistent with expectations of societal mores and ethical norms. 1. Perform in a manner consistent with the philanthropic and charitable expectations of society. 2. Recognize and respect new or evolving ethical moral norms adopted by society. 2. Assist the fine and performing arts. 3. Prevent ethical norms from being compromised in order to achieve corporate goals. 3. That managers and employees participate in voluntary and charitable activities within their local communities. 4. It is important that good corporate citizenship be defined as doing what is expected morally or ethically. 4. Provide assistance to private and public educational institutions. 5. Recognize that corporate integrity and ethical behaviour go beyond mere compliance with laws and regulations. 5. Assist voluntarily those projects that enhance a communitys quality of life. Different approached had been used by van Marrewijk, (2003) i.e, three theories about different levels of CSR (refer to figure 4). Figure 4: General model of CS/CR and its dimensions. (van Extracted from Marrewijk, 2003) According to van Marrewijk, (2003) there the ultimate objective of CSR is to obtain Social Sustainability. This cannot be achieved without the different levels of CSR, in economy, social and environmental issues. In the shareholder approach it is clear that the central aim for a company is the pursuit of profit maximization and that the social responsible activities are not concerned with the corporate body but are a major task for the government and the public sector. In this process CSR is only interesting in the way that it contributes to achieve he objectives of the company, which in the long run is profitability for the owners. Theories of Corporate Social Responsibility The implementation theories correspond to the basis to create a model that describes a CSR implementation process According to Carol, (1991) business and politics communities have been influenced by the globalisation process and the displacement of values from material to immaterial values that has taken place. Refer to a work by Garriga and Melà ©, (2004) CSR theories associated with four groups i.e., (table 3) Instrumental theories The corporation is used strategic tool for wealth creation. There are three main groups of instrumental theories which depend on the economic objectives. The three groups are; Maximizing the shareholder value According to the authors, any investment social demands that contribute to maximizing the shareholder without deception and fraud are include in this group. It has been noted that the shareholder value maximization as the supreme reference for corporate decision-making. Strategies for achieving competitive advantages Garriga and Melà ©, (2004) noted that this group of theories are concentrated on long term social objectives by knowing how to allocate resource and create a competitive advantage. There are three approaches can be included within this strategies i.e., social investments in competitive context, natural resource-based view of the firm and its dynamic capabilities and strategies for the bottom of the economic pyramid. Cause-related marketing Cause-related marketing refers as the process of formulating and implementing marketing activities and the goal is to enhance company revenues, sales or customer relationship by building the brand through the acquisition of, and association with the ethical dimension or social responsibility dimension (Garriga and Melà ©, 2004). Political theories The authors pointed out that political theories focus on interactions and connections between business and society and on the power of business and its inherent responsibility. There are two major theories can be distinguished through Corporate Constitutionalism and Corporate Citizenship Corporate Constitutionalism The authors mentioned that the firm has power to influence the equilibrium of the market. Social powers of the firm are internally and externally without destroy power. They channel organizational power in a supportive way and protect against unreasonable organizational power. Corporate Citizenship Corporate citizenship refers as responsibilities and possible partnerships of business in society. It has been reported that some theories on corporate citizenship are based on a social contract theory. Corporate citizenship theories generally have a strong sense of business responsibility towards the local community, partnerships which are the specific ways of formalizing the willingness to improve the local community and for consideration for the environment. (Garriga and Melà ©, 2004). Integrative theories According to the authors, the integrative theories depend to social demands for its existence continuity and growth. Social demands means society interacts with business and gives it a certain legitimacy and prestige. In addition, the authors noted that the theories of this group are focused on the detection and scanning of, and response to, the social demands that achieve social legitimacy, greater social acceptance and prestige. Issues management The concept of social responsiveness broadens with the concept of issue management which refers as a process for making a corporate response to social issues. Issues management is a process of the corporation can identify, evaluate and respond to those social and political issues which may impact significantly upon it. The principle of public responsibility Public policy consists of law, regulation and broad pattern of social direction reflected to public opinion, emerging issues, formal legal requirements and enforcement or implementation practices. Garriga and Melà ©, (2004) noted that if business adhered to the standards of performance in law and the existing public policy process, then it would be judged acceptably responsive in terms of social expectations. Stakeholder management Stakeholder management focuses on the public responsibility principle and combines groups with a stake in the firm into managerial decision making (Garriga and Melà ©, 2004). Corporate social performance Refer to Garriga and Melà ©, (2004) the corporate social performance theories includes social legitimacy with process for giving appropriate responses. The corporate social performance also include the principles of CSR, expressed on institutional, organizational and individual levels, processes of corporate social responsiveness, such as environmental assessment, stakeholder management and issues management, and outcomes of corporate behavior including social impacts, social programs and social policies. Ethical theories Garriga and Melà ©, (2004) documented that ethical theories focus on the ethical requirements that strengthen the relationship between business and society which is based on principles that express the right thing to do or the necessity to achieve a good society. Normative stakeholder theory The authors noted that the normative stakeholder theory is a way to integrate social demands. Normative stakeholder theory has a normative core based on two major ideas stakeholders are persons or groups with legitimate interests in procedural and/or substantive aspects of corporate activity (stakeholders are identified by their interests in the corporation, whether or not the corporation has any corresponding functional interest in them) and The interests of all stakeholders are of intrinsic value (that is, each group of stakeholders merits consideration for its own sake and not merely because of its ability to further the interests of some other group, such as the shareowners). Universal rights Universal rights (human rights) UN Global Compact includes in the area of human rights, labor rights and the environment protection as a basis for CSR. Sustainable development Sustainable development requires the integration of social, environmental, and economic considerations to make balanced judgments for the long term. In order to maintain the sustainable developmenet there is a need for the organizations aims and intentions be aligned with the organization strategy, as an appropriate response to the circumstances in which the organization operates (Garriga and Melà ©, 2004). Table 3: Corporate Social Responsibility Theories and related approaches (extracted from Garriga and Male, 2004) The common good approach Refer to the authors, this approach maintains that business, as with any other social group or individual in society, has to contribute to the common good, because it is a part of society and it shouldnt be harmful to society. Morimoto and Hope, (2005) are using Grounded Theory approach to undertake the complex issues CSR auditing. According to the authors the grounded theory is grounded in the data; developed from it by the analysis process and tested in the existing data for verification. It is systematic rigor and thoroughness from initial design, through data collection and analysis. Chih et al, (2009) institutional theory on CSR comprising a series of propositions specifying the conditions under which corporations are more (or less) likely to behave in socially responsible ways such as financial performance and economic environment, competition, legal environment, private regulation and the presence of independent organizations, business education environment, and employer-employee relations Another study by Frederiksen, (2009), the author had chosen two kinds of teleological moral theories, i.e. egoism and utilitarianism, and two kinds of deontological moral theories, i.e. libertarianism and common-sense morality and moral theory, i.e. utilitarianism and common-sense morality. From the authors finding, the companies act in CSR is not according to their CSR policies on goal-orientated teleological moral theories, such as ethical egoism or utilitarianism, but they prefer on duty based common-sense morality. In addition, managers mainly perform with goal-oriented teleological moral the ethical guidelines, utilitarianism and this theory is in disagreement with deontologically oriented theories i.e., common-sense morality. Teleological moral theories Egoism According to Frederiksen, (2009), CSR concerned with benefiting the company such as employees, the local community and companys self-interest. Ethical egoist refers to any kind of social arrangement that would be rational for their own best-interest. Therefore, egoism in a company should to do good or refrain from doing harm only if it is good for the company, normally meaning if it helps to maximize profit. Utilitarianism It has been stated that the relationship between CSR and utilitarians is companies have a moral obligation to promote the best possible outcome, i.e. maximise happiness from an impartial perspective. Impartiality refers as the one is impartial in relation to who the benefactor is and who the beneficiary is such as those who closely related to the company, employees (Frederiksen, 2009). Deontological moral theories Libertarianism The author noted that the relation of CSR and libertarianism, it is believe that companies have no moral obligation to positively help anyone; they are only morally obligated not to violate anyones negative rights. Common-sense morality The relationship between CSR and the common-sense orientation believe that companies have a moral obligation not to violate anyones rights and that they also have positive duties towards certain groups, such as employees, the local community and others closely related to the company. The author mentioned that common-sense moral principles seem to be principles concerning special obligations; for example special obligations towards shareholders or other closely related groups. Hsieh, (2009) documented that there are two prominent theories of corporate purpose i.e., stakeholder theory and corporate citizenship theory. Stakeholder theory The corporation ought to be managed for the benefit of all its stakeholders Corporate citizenship theory It emphasize business enterprises in respecting and defending human rights and in contributing to social welfare and human development within society Refer to Padgett RC, Galan JI, (2009), resource-based view (RBV) theory related to CSR in the sense of they can generate competitive advantages; the firm is also affected by external factors. RBV in the study of CSR is explained by the emphasis it places on the importance of specific intangible resources, such as know-how, corporate culture and reputation for firms to obtain competitive advantages. Table 4: In summary of Corporate Social Responsibility Theories Theories Types of theories Authors CSR theories associated with four groups Instrumental theories- strategic tool for wealth creation Political theories- on interactions and connections between business and society and on the power of business and its inherent responsibility Integrative theories- social demands for its existence continuity and growth. Ethical theories- ethical requirements that strengthen the relationship between business and society Garriga and Melà ©, (2004) Undertake complex issues regarding CSR auditing Grounded theory It is systematic rigor and thoroughness from initial design, through data collection and analysis. Morimoto and Hope, (2005) Institutional theory CSR comprising a series of propositions specifying the conditions under which corporations are more (or less) likely to behave in socially responsible ways such as financial performance and economic environment, competition, legal environment, private regulation and the presence of independent organizations, business education environment, and employer-employee relations Chih et al, (2009) CSR associated with two kinds of teleological moral theories and two kinds of deontological moral theories. Teleological moral theories Egoism Any kind of social arrangement that would be rational for their own best-interest to help maximize company profits. Utilitarianism To promote the best possible outcome, i.e. maximise happiness to those who closely related to the company, employees. Deontological moral theories Libertarianism The companies have no moral obligation to positively help anyone; they are only morally obligated not to violate anyones negative rights. Common-sense morality and moral theory Principles concerning special obligations not to violate anyones rights and that they also have positive duties towards certain groups; for example special obligations towards shareholders or other closely related groups. Frederiksen, (2009) There are two prominent theories of corporate purpose Stakeholder theory the corporation ought to be managed for the benefit of all its stakeholders Corporate citizenship theory It emphasize business enterprises in respecting and defending human rights and in contributing to social welfare and human development within society. Hsieh, (2009) Resource-based view (RBV) RBV theory allows to analyse the effect of RD intensity on CSR Resource-based view (RBV) theory Importance of specific intangible resources, such as know-how, corporate culture and reputation for firms to obtain competitive advantages. Padgett and Galan, (2009) Corporate Social Responsibility Implementation Marimoto et al, (2005) there are six key elements to the achievement of successful CSR are perceived as good stakeholder management, good corporate leadership greater priority for CSR at board level, integration of CSR into corporate policy at all levels and in all divisions of business, regulation at the national and international level understood and demonstrated across all areas of business, active involvement of, and good coordination between, government business, NGOs and civil society. Raps (2005) noted that in order to achieve successful implementation of CSR, there is a need to understand a long-term process that requires creativity and careful planning. The author pointed out ten critical points to overcome and improve the difficulties in the CSR implementation context. Commitment of top management Refer to Raps, (2005), the importance of having top-managers working hard to achieve the purpose of the strategy is crucial for the implementation to succeed. Top-managers must influence middle managers in order to get their true message forward; they cannot relay on and believe that the middle-managers perception of the implementation is the same as theirs. Involve middle managers valuable knowledge The author pointed out that to make use of the knowledge that middle managers possess and make sure they are involved increases their motivation and make them feel like they are a part of the process. This motivation boost is important for everyones everyday day work since the middle managers engagement increases the awareness of the implementation throughout the organization. Communication is what implementation is all about Refer to Raps, (2005) illustrates in his communication-model how it is possible to provide appropriate information regarding implementation throughout the organization (Figure 5). Figure 5: Issues to be addresses in the communications plan (Extracted with Raps 2005). Integrate point of view It is essential to see the implementation as a method used integrated within all aspects of the company. Traditionally implementation often overemphasizes the structural aspects e.g. organizational structure and disregards other existing components such as cultural aspects and human resources perspective. All of these aspects need to be taken into consideration to create an integrated measure for implementing activities (Raps, 2005). Clear assignment of responsibilities To avoid power struggles between departments and within hierarchies, there should be a plan with clear assignments of responsibilities regarding detailed implementation activities. This is a preventive way of proceeding. Responsibilities are clear and potential problems are therefore avoided (Raps, 2005) Preventive measures against barriers Change is a common phenomenon for companies today and the companies that are capable of handling change has a great advantage. The ability to manage change has become a core competency. A great challenge within strategy implementation is to deal with potential change barriers. Therefore, it is important to prevent these barriers and by changing the way they view and practice strategy implementation, senior executives can effectively transform change barriers into gateways for a successful execution (Raps, 2005). Emphasize teamwork activities Teamwork is an important part when implementing a strategy. It is however often forgotten when it comes down to implementation process activities (Raps, 2005). Respect the individuals ´ different characteristics Human resources are valuable and intangible assets within a company. Latest studies indicate that HR is the key factor for successful implementation (Raps, 2005) Take advantage of supportive implementation instruments According to the author, there are two implementation instruments can be applied i.e., the balanced scorecard and the supportive software solution. The balanced scorecard provides a functionality to translate a companys strategic objectives into a coherent set of performance measures. In addition, it provides a framework to integrate the strategic planning and meets the requirements that the strategic planning system itself can display. The software solutions can be helpful to improve the quality of strategy implementation and provides clear assignments of responsibilities throughout the organizations implementation process. Calculate buffer time for unexpected incidents The author reported that the most important in strategy implementation is the exceeding of time restrictions. The important key is to find out the time-intense activities and harmonize with the time capac

Accounting Career Paper Essay

There are many jobs that require accounting. Yet, accounting has never been thought of as interesting. Accounting is instead thought of as being tedious and even boring. However, what people may not know is that FBI agents must develop a readiness for accounting to be able to fundamentally do their jobs properly. In addition to accounting, there are many requirements, tests, and processes you must go through to become an FBI agent, which makes it a difficult but worthwhile job nonetheless. FBI agents provide protection to society and also investigate into many different cases, many cases require forensic accountants to analyze and report their findings on specific things such as bank accounts and other information. In order to become an FBI agent, there are many requirements that must be fulfilled. To start, one must have a 4 year degree from a college or university â€Å"accredited by one of the regional or national institutional associations recognized by the United States Secretary of Education† (FBI) and be a United States citizen. There is also an age requirement to become an agent. One must be at least 23 years old, but younger than the age of 37. This is due to the physical strains of the profession. The strains of the tasks given to FBI agents make it harder as one continues to age to work in the field. FBI agents are typically paid around 60,000 annually. If agents are relocated to a high cost area they are given a one time extra bonus of 22,000 dollars. See more:  The Story of an Hour Literary Analysis Essay In addition to the requirements, there are many tests that you must pass in order to become an FBI agent. There are many steps that need to be fulfilled in order to apply to become an FBI agent. First you must apply online or at a designated FBI branch office. Once you are accepted, you must take a couple of tests during the application process before you can become an FBI agent. The tests are comprised of two phases. The first phase test evaluates and determines if you have the critical skills and abilities that are required to perform and handle tasks of an FBI agent. The second phase test requires you to be interviewed by a panel of three special agents to determine if you have the necessary skills in order to handle certain situations and be able to communicate as well. There are many other factors that must be looked into when special agents look at applicants, such as the  honesty and integrity of the applicant. There is also a writing portion that evaluates your writing skil ls and ability to judge and record certain situations in detail. The next test that you must take is the physical portion of the test. You must adhere to the given instructions and also complete a number of physical exercises. In addition to the tests you are required to have a extensive background check done and medical examinations. Before being accepted as an FBI agent you are to â€Å"begin your career at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia for approximately 21 weeks of intensive training at one of the world’s finest law enforcement training facilities. During their time at the FBI Academy, trainees live on-campus and participate in a broad range of training activities.† (FBI.gov) With all the tests and requirements in place, It may not seem as if FBI agents require accounting in the field. But one of the five areas you must qualify for in order to be accepted into a special agent position is accounting. A type of accounting that is most commonly used in an investigation is forensic accounting. Forensic accounting â€Å"is a branch of accounting that not only requires knowledge of accounting and auditing principles but also the ability to work on investigation and litigation teams to look into illegal financial activity and assist in litigation processes.† (Gina L.). Forensic accounting is increasing in demand currently due to the recent increase of crime. This can be seen in the job postings for forensic accounting (http://www.careerbuilder.com/JobSeeker/Jobs/JobDetails.aspxAPath=2.21.0.0.0&job_did=JHP5SX6X761WT9HGW6N&IPat) (http://www.careerbuilder.com/JobSeeker/Jobs/JobDetails.aspxAPath=2.21.0.0.0&job_did=JHV3FS793TPJFYHX382&IPath=JRKV0I) To become a Forensic Accountant you must have a bachelor’s degree in accounting or a related subject. Most graduates who earn a graduate certificate or master’s degree in forensic accounting can drastically increase their employment and salary outcome. Forensic accountants are also usually required to have their Certified Public Accountant (CPA). They can also become Certified Fraud Examiners or Certified Forensic Accountants after two years of experience.

Kansas City Hyatt Walkway Collapse

Kansas City Hyatt Walkway Collapse Introduction The Hyatt Regency Hotel was built in Kansas City, Missouri in 1978. This hotel consisted of a 40-story hotel tower and conference facilities, which were connected by an open concept atrium. Inside the atrium, there were three walkways that connected the hotel to the conference facilities on the second, third, and fourth floors. The atrium was 145 feet long, 117 feet wide and 50 feet high. On July 17, 1981, approximately 2,000 people had gathered in the atrium to participate in and watch a dance contest.Dozens stood on the walkways. At 7:05 PM, the walkways on the second, third, and fourth floor were packed with visitors as they watched over the active lobby, which was also full of people. The fourth floor bridge was suspended directly over the second floor bridge, with the third floor walkway set off to the side several meters away from the other two. Construction issues led to a subtle but flawed design change that doubled the load on the connection between the fourth floor walkway support beams and the tie rods carrying the weight of the second floor walkway.This new design could barely handle the dead load weight of the structure itself, much less the weight of the spectators standing on it. The connection failed and both walkways crashed one on top of the other and then into the lobby below, killing 114 people and injuring more than 200 others. Mainbody FIG-1 FIG-2 Originally, the 2nd and 4th floor walkways were to be suspended from the same rod (as shown in fig-1) and held in place by nuts.The preliminary design sketches contained a note specifying a strength of 413 MPa for the hanger rods which was omitted on the final structural drawings. Following the general notes in the absence of a specification on the drawing, the contractor used hanger rods with only 248 MPa of strength. This original design, however, was highly impractical because it called for a nut 6. 1 meters up the hanger rod and did not use slee ve nuts. The contractor modified this detail to use 2 hanger rods instead of one (as shown in fig-2) and the engineer approved the design change without checking it.This design change doubled the stress exerted on the nut under the fourth floor beam. Now this nut supported the weight of 2 walkways instead of just one Conclution FIG-3 FIG-4 Neither the original nor the as-built design for the hanger rod satisfied the Kansas City building code making the connection failure inevitable. If, however, the building design had contained more redundancy this failure may not have resulted in the complete collapse of the walkway.Kaminetzky (1991) suggests two much stronger design alternatives for the connectors. The toe-to-toe channels used in the Hyatt Regency provided for weak welding which allowed the nut to pull through the channel/box beam assembly initiating the collapse. A back-to-back channel design using web stiffeners when necessary (fig-3) or the use of bearing crossplates in conjun ction with the toe-to-toe channels (fig-4) would have made the connection much stronger making it much more difficult for the nut to pull throughReferences Engineering Ethics – Lessons Learned: Kansas City Hyatt Walkway Collapse http://www. pdhengineer. com/Course%20Web/Law%20and%20Ethics%20Courses/hyatt_walkway_collapse. htm â€Å"Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse†. School of Engineering, University of Alabama. http://www. eng. uab. edu/cee/faculty/ndelatte/case_studies_project/Hyatt%20Regency/hyatt. htm#Causes Kaminetzky, Dov, Design and Construction Failures: Lessons from Forensic Investigations (1991). McGraw-Hill, New York, N. Y.

The Many Functions of Tiresias in Sophocles Oedipus Rex...

The Many Functions of Tiresias in Sophocles Oedipus Rex The minor role of Tiresias fulfills several chief purposes in Sophocles Oedipus Rex, all of which are necessary in guiding the play through to its tragic ending and the completion of the prophecies. Tiresias primarily functions as the catalyst ultimately responsible for the provocation of Oedipus venomous jealousy, a vital factor in the plays progression. The calm and confident Tiresias also acts as a foil for Oedipus through his dramatic difference in character, which allows the reader to see Oedipus for who he really is and realize that it was he who brought about his own downfall. Lastly, the wise prophet who functions as an authoritative father figure to the†¦show more content†¦There is evidence of Oedipus being selfish, envious, and pugnacious, all of which describe children to some degree. Because of Tiresias seemingly father-like and authoritative conversation with the childlike and antagonistic king, [Oedipus] very quickly ceases to speak to Tiresias as king to subject - to command him or beseech him to serve the common good. Instead he talks to him as a feared and hated rivalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Lesser 148). These tendencies provide ground to the idea that he indeed represents a rebellious son to his fathers (as described by the Oedipus Complex) - Tiresias included. Tiresias role is significant in the support it gives to the father motif, which is understood to be important because of Oedipus hatred toward all father figures (this is symbolized when he murders his father unknowingly). Tiresias significance to the motif is clearly illustrated by the manner in which he conducts himself in addition to the response that he, as a father figure, is able to evoke from Oedipus. The noticeable differences between Tiresias and Oedipus suggest that the prophets role is significant for another reason - it was also designed as a foil for the king; the contrast between the two highlights each of their personality traits to the reader allowing us to see Oedipus for who he really is: a contentious, and envy-driven tyrant. It is imperative that the readers clearly see these traits within the king and recognize that theseShow MoreRelatedThe Psychological Connection to Oedipus the King1387 Words   |  6 Pagesand Scholar Robert Graves wrote in 1995, â€Å"Myth has two main functions. The first is to answer the sort of awkward questions that children ask, such as ‘Who made the world? How will it end? Who was the first man? Where do souls go after death?’†¦The second function of myth is to justify an existing social system and account for traditional rites and customs.† Oedipus the King written by Sophocles in 430 B.C. focuses around the secon d function that Graves noted. The play has been around for centuriesRead Moretheme of alienation n no where man by kamala markandeya23279 Words   |  94 Pagesï » ¿ANTIGONE KEY LITERARY ELEMENTS SETTING This tragedy is set against the background of the Oedipus legend. It illustrates how the curse on the House of Labdacus (who is the grandson of Cadmus, founder of Thebes, and the father of Laius, whose son is Oedipus) brought about the deaths of Oedipus and his wife-mother, Jocasta, as well as the double fratricide of Eteocles and Polynices. Furthermore, Antigone dies after defying King Creon. The play is set in Thebes, a powerful city-state north of